| Solid mechanics analyses
The constitutive (material) models are the link between the reality and the computer simulations. In order to get trustworthy simulations the constitutive models are often the most important factor.
Solidmekanik has developed material models that describe paper materials very well. The material models have also been calibrated to show good resemblance with polymers and aluminum.
All simulations on this website is simulated with the constitutive models developed by Solidmekanik.
Behaviour of material models for paperboard and corrugated board
Below you see a comparison between the material models and paperboard in the principal directions of the board.
Subsequent compression and unloading of paperboard in the thickness direction. Paperboard has different behavior through the thickness, therefore the entire board is presented in the simulation. The blue graph is the simulation and the black graph the test. Test from Stenberg, N. (2004). Out-of-plane shear of paperboard under high compressive loads. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 30(1):22–28.
Tension of paperboard in the thickness direction. Simulation are blue graph and test are black graph. Test from Stenberg, N. (2004). Out-of-plane shear of paperboard under high compressive loads. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 30(1):22–28.
In-plane behaviour of paperboard. Comparison for three tension tests: Machine Direction (MD), Cross Direction (CD) and 45 degrees. Short span compression tests (SCT) in MD and CD. (One extra simulation is included for 45 degrees SCT). Tests from Xia, Q. S. (2002). Mechanics of inelastic deformation and delamination in paperboard. PhD thesis, Massachusetts institute of technology.